At the turn of the 19th century, European elegance is no longer dictated by the French. The royal court has lost its appeal following the Revolution, and the country is too embroiled in social turmoil for fashion to be a central preoccupation.
It is in England, in the context of the Empire’s growing productivity and the population’s sober attitudes toward dress, that clothing is made. Mass-production has revolutionized the textile sector, and progress in fabrication such as sewing machines, as well as the new distribution systems of railroads and department stores, bring about changes in accessibility.
Aristocrats and bourgeois alike choose the frock coat as their overcoat for its practicality and sobriety. The « redingote », literally « riding coat » as it is pronounced in French, is multifunctional and easily confectioned. The sober swaths of grey or black, assembled without pockets or pleats, reflect the passage of clothing from ceremonial to daily usage, while the folded collar can take on the personal touch of a contrasting fabric.
FRIEDRICH, Caspar David. Wanderer above the Sea of Fog. oil on canvasthe tailor's cloth, placed between the lining and the outer, 94,4 × 74,8 cm. 1817.
NADAR, Félix, phot. BAUDELAIRE, Charles. Paris. 1855.
VANDERLYN, John, art. Self-portrait. 1800. 23,2 x 28,9 cm.
- COOPER X 12
« Dressed up like a million-dollar trouper/Tryin’ hard to look like Gary Cooper/Super Duper – Puttin’ on the Ritz » - OUTER POCKETS
« It wasn’t until the Industrial Revolution that sewn-on pockets, and pockets hidden within the liningfabric that is used inside a garment, became standard in clothing… » - INNER POCKETS
« They are designed to meet the needs and habits of the wearer, evolving over time to accommodate changing lifestyles. » - STRIPES: PIN, PENCIL, CHALK, AND ROPE
« A variety of the ‘pinstripe’ often found in shirt cloth but rarely in suit cloth is the ‘pencil stripe’ »